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Ноют суставы, по утрам скованность: что это и как помочь телу

5 минут чтенияПроверено специалистом VIA-L · 17.10.2026

Утром встаёте — и тело как деревянное. Ноют колени, пальцы, плечи, хотя ничего не случилось. Часто это списывают на «возраст». Но у такой ломоты в переходе есть понятная причина — и понятные шаги.

Почему болит

Эстроген действует по всей опорно-двигательной системе — в костях, суставах, связках и мышцах. Когда его становится меньше, это чувствуется сразу везде. Ломота и скованность в суставах без припухлости бывают у больше чем половины женщин в переходе. Это часть перехода, а не «просто возраст».

Вдобавок снижение эстрогена снимает естественный «тормоз» фонового воспаления — поэтому суставы, сон, усталость и настроение часто тянут друг друга за собой.

Отдельная частая история в 50–60 лет — «замороженное плечо»: руку трудно поднять и самой, и с чьей-то помощью. С этим — к физиотерапевту или ортопеду.

Беречься или двигаться?

Двигаться. Силовые тренировки и регулярное движение — основа для суставов, мышц и костей.

Что помогает

Силовые тренировки 2–3 раза в неделю, без боли. Это основа и для суставов, и для мышц, и для костей. Сочетание силовых с ходьбой или другим кардио — лучшее. С тренером защита для костей заметно выше, а под присмотром даже интенсивные силовые безопасны.

Немного прыжков и ударной нагрузки — если суставы позволяют. Именно такая нагрузка лучше всего поддерживает кости бедра и позвоночника.

Баланс и подвижность. Упражнения на равновесие — профилактика падений, а значит, и переломов.

Белок в каждый приём пищи. После 40 мышца хуже отвечает на белок и нагрузку — нужно больше и того, и другого.

Средиземноморский стиль. Жирная рыба, оливковое масло, ягоды, овощи и цельные злаки снижают фоновое воспаление; переработанное мясо, сладкие напитки и ультраобработанная еда его разгоняют.

О костях — то, что не болит

Кость теряется быстрее всего примерно за год до последних месячных и два года после, и никаких симптомов нет до самого перелома. Косвенные сигналы: вы стали ниже ростом больше чем на 4 см по сравнению с молодостью, появилась сутулость, ослаб хват. Если есть факторы риска — менопауза до 45, перелом от лёгкой травмы, долгий приём стероидов, перелом бедра у родителей, — стоит обсудить с врачом денситометрию уже сейчас. Если риск высокий, у врача есть средства, которые заметно снижают риск переломов.

А добавки?

Когда к врачу без промедления

Что попробовать на этой неделе

На чём основано

Статья написана по темам базы знаний VIA-L. За ними стоят опубликованные работы — вот они:

  1. Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women — Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2026 doi
  2. Cognitive Behavioural Therapeutics for Insomnia Symptoms in the Perimenopause Through to the Early Postmenopausal Period — The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2026 doi
  3. A Digital Mindfulness Intervention Improves Sleep Efficiency and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Adults — Scientific Reports, 2026 doi
  4. Nutritional Modulators of Sleep: A Narrative Review of Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids, and Their Neurobiological and Chronoepigenetic Mechanisms — Chronobiology International, 2026 doi
  5. Dietary Patterns Associated With Anti-Inflammatory Effects: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses — Nutrition Reviews, 2026 doi
  6. Sex Matters: Hormonal and Chromosomal Determinants of Autoimmunity and Anti‐Cancer Immunity Across the Lifespan — Immunological Reviews, 2026 doi
  7. Effects of Exercise Intensity and Volume on Systemic Inflammation in Overweight and Obese Postmenopausal Women: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis — Frontiers in Immunology, 2026 doi
  8. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement — JAMA, 2025 doi
  9. Osteoporosis: A Review — JAMA, 2025 doi
  10. Good Sleep Quality Predicts a Lower Risk of Osteoporosis in Older Adults: Evidence From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing — Experimental Gerontology, 2025 doi
  11. Osteoporosis — Lancet (London, England), 2025 doi
  12. Effect of different types of exercise on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and network meta-analysis — Scientific Reports, 2025 doi
Показать все (101)
  1. ‘Bone Health—Across a Woman's Lifespan’ — Clinical Endocrinology, 2025 doi
  2. Optimal resistance training parameters for improving bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis — J Orthop Surg Res, 2025 doi
  3. Sleep Trajectories and Osteoporosis Incidence: Findings From Two Prospective Cohort Studies — Frontiers in Public Health, 2025 doi
  4. Immunomodulatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Mechanistic Insights and Health Implications — Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2025 doi
  5. Uncovering Anti-Inflammatory Natural Products That Synergize With Supplemented Omega-3 PUFA for Eliciting Endogenous Inflammation Resolution Signals — Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie, 2025 doi
  6. Immunometabolic Insights Into Women's Health Across All Ages — Maturitas, 2025 doi
  7. Mediterranean Diet Reduces Inflammation in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Nutrition Reviews, 2025 doi
  8. Assessing Systemic Inflammation and Its Prognostic Value: Glasgow Prognostic Score, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio or Other Options? — Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2025 doi
  9. Role of Circadian Health in Cardiometabolic Health and Disease Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association — Circulation, 2025 doi
  10. The Effects of the Mediterranean Diet Supplemented With Olive Oils on Pro-Inflammatory Biomarkers and Soluble Adhesion Molecules: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Nutrition & Metabolism, 2025 doi
  11. Effectiveness of 2 Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions for Reducing Stress and Stabilizing Cardiac Autonomic Function: Microrandomized Trials — Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2025 doi
  12. Chrononutrition Interventions for Mental Health: Addressing Atypical Depression, Ultra-Processed Food Use Disorder, and Circadian Dysregulation — Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2025 doi
  13. The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice: A Review — JAMA, 2024 doi
  14. Associations between the severity of menopausal symptoms and musculoskeletal pain in postmenopausal Portuguese women — Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2024 doi
  15. Resistance Training Effects on Healthy Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis — Climacteric : The Journal of the International Menopause Society, 2024 doi
  16. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2024 doi
  17. The Importance of Recovery in Resistance Training Microcycle Construction — J Hum Kinet, 2024 doi
  18. The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on C-Reactive Protein and Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials — Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2024 doi
  19. The Effects of Curcumin Supplementation on Biomarkers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Function: A Meta-Analysis of Meta-Analyses — Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators, 2024 doi
  20. Comparison of the stability of glycoprotein acetyls and high sensitivity C ‐reactive protein as markers of chronic inflammation — Immunology, 2024 doi
  21. Association Between Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and IL-6、TNF-α: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis — Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, 2024 doi
  22. Exercise Training and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies With Emphasis on Potential Moderators — Osteoporosis International : A Journal Established as Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2023 doi
  23. Postmenopausal Osteoporosis — The New England Journal of Medicine, 2023 doi
  24. Resistance Training for Postmenopausal Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2023 doi
  25. Discontinuation of hormone therapy and bone mineral density: does physical activity modify that relationship? — Menopause, 2023 doi
  26. Fracture Risk Reduction and Safety by Osteoporosis Treatment Compared With Placebo or Active Comparator in Postmenopausal Women: Systematic Review, Network Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials — BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 2023 doi
  27. A 2-Yr Randomized Controlled Trial on Creatine Supplementation During Exercise for Postmenopausal Bone Health — Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2023 doi
  28. The Effects of Exercise Training on Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2023 doi
  29. Effectiveness and Safety of Treatments to Prevent Fractures in People With Low Bone Mass or Primary Osteoporosis: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis for the American College of Physicians — Annals of Internal Medicine, 2023 doi
  30. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcumin/Turmeric Supplementation in Adults: A GRADE-assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Cytokine, 2023 doi
  31. Moderate Intensity Walking Exercises Reduce the Body Mass Index and Vascular Inflammatory Factors in Postmenopausal Women With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial — Scientific Reports, 2023 doi
  32. The Causal Associations of Altered Inflammatory Proteins With Sleep Duration, Insomnia and Daytime Sleepiness — Sleep, 2023 doi
  33. Profiling Inflammatory Biomarkers Following Curcumin Supplementation: An Umbrella Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials — Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2023 doi
  34. Probiotics Fortify Intestinal Barrier Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials — Frontiers in Immunology, 2023 doi
  35. Menopausal Hormone Therapy for Prevention of Chronic Conditions — JAMA, 2022 doi
  36. Disrupted Sleep Architecture Is Associated With Incident Bone Loss in Indian Postmenopausal Women: A Prospective Study — Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2022 doi
  37. Management of Menopause: A View Towards Prevention — Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2022 doi
  38. Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No — Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2022 doi
  39. Effect of exercise on bone mineral density among patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis — Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2022 doi
  40. Efficacy of Vitamin K2 in the Prevention and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Frontiers in Public Health, 2022 doi
  41. Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation as an Adjunct Therapy for Improving Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers: An Umbrella Meta-Analysis — Pharmacological Research, 2022 doi
  42. Effects of Dietary Patterns on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2022 doi
  43. Effect of Anti-Inflammatory Diets on Inflammation Markers in Adult Human Populations: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials — Nutrition Reviews, 2022 doi
  44. The Effect of Vitamin MK-7 on Bone Mineral Density and Microarchitecture in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia, a 3-Year Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial — Osteoporosis International : A Journal Established as Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2021 doi
  45. The Effect of Exercise Intensity on Bone in Postmenopausal Women (Part 2): A Meta-Analysis — Bone, 2021 doi
  46. Nutritional Intake and Bone Health — Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2021 doi
  47. Osteoporosis Prevention, Screening, and Diagnosis: ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No — Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021 doi
  48. Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: The 2021 Position Statement of the North American Menopause Society — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2021 doi
  49. The Complementarity of Amino Acids in Cooked Pulse/Cereal Blends and Effects on DIAAS — Plants (Basel), 2021 doi
  50. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators, and Targeting Inflammation Resolution in the Age of Precision Nutrition — Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 2021 doi
  51. The Impact of Exercise Training on Inflammatory Markers in Postmenopausal Women: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis — Experimental Gerontology, 2021 doi
  52. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Oral Supplementation With Curcumin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Nutrition Reviews, 2021 doi
  53. Chrono-Nutrition: From Molecular and Neuronal Mechanisms to Human Epidemiology and Timed Feeding Patterns — Journal of Neurochemistry, 2021 doi
  54. Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics in Gut Inflammation: A Door to the Body — Frontiers in Immunology, 2021 doi
  55. Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice-Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes? — Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021 doi
  56. Short Sleep Is Associated With Low Bone Mineral Density and Osteoporosis in the Women's Health Initiative — Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 2020 doi
  57. Calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin K2, and Magnesium Supplementation and Skeletal Health — Maturitas, 2020 doi
  58. Physical Activity and Skeletal Health in Adults — Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2020 doi
  59. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis-2020 Update — Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2020 doi
  60. Interactions of Probiotics and Prebiotics With the Gut Microbiota — Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 2020 doi
  61. N-3 PUFA and Inflammation: From Membrane to Nucleus and From Bench to Bedside — The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2020 doi
  62. Inflammatory Marker Changes in a 24-Month Dietary and Physical Activity Randomised Intervention Trial in Postmenopausal Women — Scientific Reports, 2020 doi
  63. The Peri-Menopause in a Woman's Life: A Systemic Inflammatory Phase That Enables Later Neurodegenerative Disease — Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2020 doi
  64. Increased Systemic Inflammation and Altered Distribution of T-Cell Subsets in Postmenopausal Women — PloS One, 2020 doi
  65. Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2019 doi
  66. Implications of Sleep Disturbance and Inflammation for Alzheimer's Disease Dementia — Neurology, 2019 doi
  67. Cultivating a healthy neuro‐immune network: A health psychology approach — Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2019 doi
  68. The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease — Physiological Reviews, 2019 doi
  69. Benefits and Safety of Dietary Protein for Bone Health-an Expert Consensus Paper Endorsed by the European Society for Clinical and Economical Aspects of Osteopororosis, Osteoarthritis, and Musculoskeletal Diseases and by the International Osteoporosis Foundation — Osteoporosis International : A Journal Established as Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2018 doi
  70. Evidence-Based Nutritional and Pharmacological Interventions Targeting Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Middle-Age and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Ageing Research Reviews, 2018 doi
  71. Positive Psychological Well-Being and Cardiovascular Disease: JACC Health Promotion Series — Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2018 doi
  72. Isolated Vitamin D Supplementation Improves the Immune-Inflammatory Biomarkers in Younger Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2018 doi
  73. Effects of Mind⁻Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2018 doi
  74. Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Systemic Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2017 doi
  75. Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Duration, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Experimental Sleep Deprivation — Biological Psychiatry, 2016 doi
  76. Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association — Circulation, 2016 doi
  77. Long-Term Immunomodulatory Effects of a Mediterranean Diet in Adults at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the PREvención Con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Randomized Controlled Trial — The Journal of Nutrition, 2016 doi
  78. Dose-Response Relationships of Resistance Training in Healthy Old Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2015 doi
  79. Biomarker-Calibrated Protein Intake and Bone Health in the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials and Observational Study — The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2014 doi
  80. Probing the Impact of Sex Steroids and Menopause-Related Sex Steroid Deprivation on Modulation of Immune Senescence — Maturitas, 2014 doi
  81. Three-Year Low-Dose Menaquinone-7 Supplementation Helps Decrease Bone Loss in Healthy Postmenopausal Women — Osteoporosis International : A Journal Established as Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2013 doi
  82. Sleep Loss as a Factor to Induce Cellular and Molecular Inflammatory Variations — Clinical & Developmental Immunology, 2013 doi
  83. Effects of a Caloric Restriction Weight Loss Diet and Exercise on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Overweight/Obese Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial — Cancer Research, 2012 doi
  84. Nontraditional Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanistic, Research, and Clinical Considerations for Youth: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association — Circulation, 2011 doi
  85. Acute Emotional Stress and Cardiac Arrhythmias — JAMA, 2007 doi
  86. Fracture Incidence in Relation to the Pattern of Use of Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women — JAMA, 2004 doi
  87. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: Physical Activity and Bone Health — Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2004 doi
  88. CDC/AHA Workshop on Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Clinical and Public Health Practice: Report From the Laboratory Science Discussion Group — Circulation, 2004 doi
  89. Pathogenesis of Bone Fragility in Women and Men — Lancet (London, England), 2002 doi

Доказательная сила у этих работ разная: где-то крупные обзоры и мета-анализы, где-то отдельные небольшие исследования. Шаги в статье — простые меры заботы о себе с низким риском, а не лечение, и подходят не всем.

Это общие сведения, а не назначение. Обследование и лечение подбирает врач.

Приложение VIA-L

VIA-L — приложение для женщин с 35 и мужчин с 40 лет: сон, энергия, настроение и тело в период гормональных перемен. Простыми словами, по вашим данным — и с проверкой, что помогло.

Все статьи библиотеки есть и в приложении.

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