Перепады настроения, тревога и раздражительность: что происходит
«Я себя не узнаю». Срываетесь из-за мелочи, плачете без причины, тревога накрывает на ровном месте, а то, что раньше радовало, стало безразличным. Это не характер испортился. В переходе так бывает у очень многих — и этому есть объяснение.
Почему качает
Эстроген поддерживает вещества мозга, отвечающие за настроение и удовольствие. В перименопаузе он не просто падает, а качается — и раскачивает настроение именно амплитуда этих качелей. Вдобавок уходит прогестерон, а с ним — естественный «успокоитель» мозга. Отсюда тревога, раздражительность, вспышки гнева, слёзы, ощущение, что выдерживать нагрузку стало труднее.
Раздражительность и гнев часто выражены сильнее грусти. Это гормональная картина, а не «плохой характер».
И важное, чтобы не пугаться: у большинства женщин это проходящая реакция. Обычно пик приходится на перименопаузу, а после всё стихает. Внимательнее стоит быть тем, у кого раньше уже были тяжёлые периоды подавленности.
Как понять, что именно происходит
Ключ — в том, когда бывает плохо:
- только в последнюю неделю перед месячными и проходит в первые дни после начала;
- весь месяц, но перед месячными становится хуже;
- весь месяц без связи с циклом.
От этого зависит, что поможет. А различить можно только дневником хотя бы за два цикла — память задним числом всё сваливает на «перед месячными». Отмечайте настроение и первый день месячных в VIA-L — через пару месяцев рисунок будет виден.
Что помогает
Сон. Рваный сон и накопленная усталость усиливают гормональные качели настроения. Если сон рваный — начните с него.
Движение. Самый доказанный рычаг, для многих сравнимый по силе с лекарством. Около 150 минут в неделю: ходьба, силовые, а мягкие практики вроде йоги и тай-чи сильнее всего снимают тревогу. Силовые особенно помогают женщинам.
Утренний свет. Яркий дневной свет сразу после подъёма заметно поднимает настроение в перименопаузе. Прогулка при дневном свете — простой ежедневный шаг.
Медленное дыхание. 5–10 минут в день с удлинённым выдохом — около шести вдохов в минуту. Действует на тревогу напрямую, без «силы воли».
Еда. Средиземноморский стиль, клетчатка, ферментированные продукты, белковый завтрак. Магний лучше получать из еды — тёмная зелень, тыквенные семечки, бобовые; добавка имеет смысл, если в рационе его мало.
Что убрать
- Алкоголь. Успокаивает на час, а потом тревога возвращается сильнее — в перименопаузе особенно.
- Много кофе. Кофеин раскручивает тревогу и усиливает приливы — только до полудня.
- «Стресс-формулы» с витамином B6 при долгом приёме небезопасны.
Что может предложить врач
Если подавленность или тревога мешают жить, основа помощи — психотерапия (в том числе программы именно для менопаузы) и, при необходимости, лекарства. В перименопаузе, особенно вместе с приливами, настроению может помочь и гормональная терапия — это решает врач.
Когда за помощью — сразу
- Любые мысли о том, чтобы причинить себе вред, или что «лучше не жить», — немедленно к специалисту или на линию кризисной помощи. Это не то, что можно переждать.
- Подавленность или потеря интереса почти каждый день дольше двух недель, тревога, мешающая жить и работать, — к врачу в ближайшие дни.
- Спите заметно меньше, а сил при этом много, речь ускорилась, тянет на импульсивные траты и решения — к врачу.
Что попробовать на этой неделе
- Прогулка при дневном свете в первый час после подъёма.
- Вставать в одно и то же время все семь дней.
- Отмечать настроение и первый день месячных в VIA-L.
На чём основано
Статья написана по темам базы знаний VIA-L. За ними стоят опубликованные работы — вот они:
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapeutics for Insomnia Symptoms in the Perimenopause Through to the Early Postmenopausal Period — The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2026 doi
- Evaluating Tools for Assessing Mental Health Disorders in Perimenopausal Women — International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: The Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2026 doi
- FIGO Best Practice Recommendations for the Mental Health of Women at Menopausal Age — International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: The Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2026 doi
- Cognitive-Behavioral, Acceptance-Based, and Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Psychological and Sleep-Related Symptoms During Menopause: A Systematic Review — Acta Psychologica, 2026 doi
- Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for (Peri)menopausal Symptoms: A Scoping Review of Interventions Characteristics and Content — Patient Education and Counseling, 2026 doi
- Pathogenesis and Potential Therapies for Perimenopausal Depression: Insights From the Estrogen-Gut Microbiota Axis — Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 2026 doi
- Depression — Lancet (London, England), 2026 doi
- Recent Advances in the Relationship Between Mental Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women and Estrogen Fluctuations — Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2026 doi
- Effect of Saffron on Depression, Anxiety and Mood Disorder: A GRADE Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 34 Randomized Controlled Trials — Nutritional Neuroscience, 2026 doi
- Reframing menopause and menopause hormone therapy as opportunities for healthy aging — Science, 2026 doi
- Integrative Approaches to Perimenopause — The American Journal of Medicine, 2026 doi
- Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Insomnia Related to Natural Menopause: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Maturitas, 2026 doi
Показать все (113)
- A Digital Mindfulness Intervention Improves Sleep Efficiency and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Adults — Scientific Reports, 2026 doi
- Hormonal Modulation With Withania Somnifera: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized-Controlled Trials — Planta Medica, 2026 doi
- Nutritional Modulators of Sleep: A Narrative Review of Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids, and Their Neurobiological and Chronoepigenetic Mechanisms — Chronobiology International, 2026 doi
- Insomnia and women: exploring vulnerability, impact, and intervention — Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2026 doi
- OSA in Women: Associations With Reproductive Aging and Screening Challenges — Chest, 2026 doi
- Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Chronic Insomnia in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Sleep Medicine, 2026 doi
- An Examination Into the Effects of a Saffron Extract (Affron) on Mood and General Wellbeing in Adults Experiencing Low Mood: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial — The Journal of Nutrition, 2025 doi
- Role of Circadian Health in Cardiometabolic Health and Disease Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association — Circulation, 2025 doi
- Effects of different physical activity interventions on depressive symptoms in menopausal women: a systematic review and network meta-analysis — BMC Public Health, 2025 doi
- Effects of physical activity on depressive and anxiety symptoms of women in the menopausal transition and menopause: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials — The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2025 doi
- Therapeutic Efficacy of Botanicals in Psychological Disorders in Menopausal Women: A Systematic and Scoping Review — Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2025 doi
- Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy for Depression in Menopausal Women: A Metaanalysis of Randomized Trials — Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2025 doi
- Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults — JAMA, 2025 doi
- An Integrative Approach to HPA Axis Dysfunction: From Recognition to Recovery — The American Journal of Medicine, 2025 doi
- The Combination of Physical Exercise and Slow-Paced Breathing on Psychophysiological Indices of Emotion Reactivity, Psychosocial Stress Reactivity and Recovery: A Multimodal Investigation — Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2025 doi
- Effectiveness of 2 Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions for Reducing Stress and Stabilizing Cardiac Autonomic Function: Microrandomized Trials — Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2025 doi
- Chrononutrition Interventions for Mental Health: Addressing Atypical Depression, Ultra-Processed Food Use Disorder, and Circadian Dysregulation — Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2025 doi
- Elinzanetant for the Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopause: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial — JAMA Internal Medicine, 2025 doi
- Fezolinetant and Elinzanetant Therapy for Menopausal Women Experiencing Vasomotor Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025 doi
- Menopause and Movement: Exercise for Better Sleep and Psychological Well-Being-a Systematic Review — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2025 doi
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Sleep: Recent Advances in Understanding Effects and Mechanisms — Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2025 doi
- The Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions on Non-Physiological Symptoms of Menopause: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Journal of Affective Disorders, 2024 doi
- The Risk of Depression in the Menopausal Stages: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Journal of Affective Disorders, 2024 doi
- Neuroendocrine Mechanisms of Mood Disorders During Menopause Transition: A Narrative Review and Future Perspectives — Maturitas, 2024 doi
- Promoting Good Mental Health Over the Menopause Transition — Lancet (London, England), 2024 doi
- Efficacy and Safety of N-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Depression: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials — The British Journal of Nutrition, 2024 doi
- Effects of Mind-Body Exercise on Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2024 doi
- "Not feeling like myself" in perimenopause - what does it mean? Observations from the Women Living Better survey — Menopause, 2024 doi
- Effectiveness of a Saffron and Withania Supplement on Mood in Women With Mild‐to‐Moderate Anxiety During the COVID‐19 Lockdown — Depression and Anxiety, 2024 doi
- Effects of Exercise on Depression and Anxiety in Postmenopausal Women: A Pairwise and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — BMC Public Health, 2024 doi
- Shoden Promotes Relief From Stress and Anxiety: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on Healthy Subjects With High Stress Levels — Heliyon, 2024 doi
- Hypopituitarism — Lancet (London, England), 2024 doi
- European Society of Endocrinology and Endocrine Society Joint Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Therapy of Glucocorticoid-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2024 doi
- Performance of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Baseline Cortisol in Assessing Adrenal Insufficiency — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2024 doi
- Components and Delivery Formats of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia in Adults — JAMA Psychiatry, 2024 doi
- Network Meta-Analysis Examining Efficacy of Components of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia — Clinical Psychology Review, 2024 doi
- Stimulus control for insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis — J Sleep Res, 2024 doi
- Social jetlag and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis — Obes Rev, 2024 doi
- Premenstrual Disorders, Timing of Menopause, and Severity of Vasomotor Symptoms — JAMA Network Open, 2023 doi
- The Role of Magnesium in Sleep Health: A Systematic Review of Available Literature — Biological Trace Element Research, 2023 doi
- Effects of Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Reducing Anxiety and/or Depression in Adults; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials — Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids, 2023 doi
- Efficacy of B-Vitamins and Vitamin D Therapy in Improving Depressive and Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials — Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023 doi
- Effects of Nutritional Interventions on the Severity of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms of Women in the Menopausal Transition and Menopause: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2023 doi
- The Therapeutic Impact of Plant-Based and Nutritional Supplements on Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Quality Among Adults and Elderly: A Systematic Review of the Literature — International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023 doi
- Effects of Sleep Fragmentation and Estradiol Decline on Cortisol in a Human Experimental Model of Menopause — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2023 doi
- Changes in Cortisol Awakening Responses (CAR) in Menopausal Women Through Short-Term Marine Healing Retreat Program With Specific Factors Affecting Each CAR Index — PloS One, 2023 doi
- Ocimum Tenuiflorum Extract (HOLIXERTM): Possible Effects on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis in Modulating Stress — PloS One, 2023 doi
- GABA-ergic Modulators: New Therapeutic Approaches to Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder — CNS Drugs, 2023 doi
- The Effect of Caffeine on Subsequent Sleep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2023 doi
- Clinical and cost-effectiveness of nurse-delivered sleep restriction therapy for insomnia in primary care (HABIT): a pragmatic, superiority, open-label, randomised controlled trial — Lancet, 2023 doi
- Oral Micronized Progesterone for Perimenopausal Night Sweats and Hot Flushes a Phase III Canada-Wide Randomized Placebo-Controlled 4 month Trial — Scientific Reports, 2023 doi
- Optimizing Sleep Across the Menopausal Transition — Climacteric : The Journal of the International Menopause Society, 2023 doi
- Relationship between daytime napping with the occurrence and development of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis — BMJ Open, 2023 doi
- Association of Hormone Therapy With Depression During Menopause in a Cohort of Danish Women — JAMA Network Open, 2022 doi
- Mood Disorders and Hormonal Status Across Women's Life: A Narrative Review — Gynecological Endocrinology : The Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022 doi
- The Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on the Symptoms of Depression in Young Males (The "AMMEND: A Mediterranean Diet in MEN With Depression" Study): A Randomized Controlled Trial — The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2022 doi
- Association of Magnesium Intake With Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality: Findings From the CARDIA Study — Sleep, 2022 doi
- Behavioral Interventions for Improving Sleep Outcomes in Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2022 doi
- Human adaptative behavior to Antarctic conditions: A review of physiological aspects — WIREs Mechanisms of Disease, 2022 doi
- Modulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis by Plants and Phytonutrients: A Systematic Review of Human Trials — Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022 doi
- Systematic review and meta-analyses on the effects of afternoon napping on cognition — Sleep Med Rev, 2022 doi
- A Portrait of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk Factors in 27,210 Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging — Scientific Reports, 2022 doi
- Disruption of Sleep Continuity During the Perimenopause: Associations With Female Reproductive Hormone Profiles — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2022 doi
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Depression in Adults — The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2021 doi
- Effect of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on mental health and quality of life in stressed healthy adults: Post‐hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial — Stress and Health : Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 2021 doi
- The Role of Estradiol Fluctuation in the Pathophysiology of Perimenopausal Depression: A Hypothesis Paper — Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2021 doi
- Biopsychosocial Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in the Perimenopause-Findings From the Swiss Perimenopause Study — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2021 doi
- Chrono-Nutrition: From Molecular and Neuronal Mechanisms to Human Epidemiology and Timed Feeding Patterns — Journal of Neurochemistry, 2021 doi
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Luteal Phase Deficiency: A Committee Opinion — Fertility and Sterility, 2021 doi
- Effect of Long-term Supplementation With Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Placebo on Risk of Depression or Clinically Relevant Depressive Symptoms and on Change in Mood Scores: A Randomized Clinical Trial — JAMA, 2021 doi
- Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Sleep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Longitudinal Studies — Nutrition Reviews, 2021 doi
- Sleep During Menopausal Transition: A 10-Year Follow-Up — Sleep, 2021 doi
- Effects of a Short Daytime Nap on the Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 doi
- Impact of Estradiol Variability and Progesterone on Mood in Perimenopausal Women With Depressive Symptoms — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020 doi
- Improving Diet for Psychiatric Patients : High Potential Benefits and Evidence for Safety — Journal of Affective Disorders, 2020 doi
- The Allopregnanolone to Progesterone Ratio Across the Menstrual Cycle and in Menopause — Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2020 doi
- Hormone Therapy for Postmenopausal Women — The New England Journal of Medicine, 2020 doi
- Healthy Dietary Indices and Risk of Depressive Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies — Molecular Psychiatry, 2019 doi
- Efficacy of Omega-3 PUFAs in Depression: A Meta-Analysis — Translational Psychiatry, 2019 doi
- Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Perimenopausal Depression: Summary and Recommendations — Journal of Women's Health (2002), 2019 doi
- Management of Depression in Women — Journal of Women's Health (2002), 2019 doi
- Effect of Saffron Supplementation on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Nutrition Reviews, 2019 doi
- Chronotype and Social Jetlag: A (Self-) Critical Review — Biology (Basel), 2019 doi
- Efficacy of Transdermal Estradiol and Micronized Progesterone in the Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in the Menopause Transition: A Randomized Clinical Trial — JAMA Psychiatry, 2018 doi
- Positive Psychological Well-Being and Cardiovascular Disease: JACC Health Promotion Series — Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2018 doi
- A New Model for Adrenarche: Inhibition of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 by Intra-Adrenal Cortisol — Hormone Research in Paediatrics, 2018 doi
- Effects of Mind⁻Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2018 doi
- Effect of Omega-3 Supplements on Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 2018 doi
- Symptoms of menopause — global prevalence, physiology and implications — Endocrinology, 2018 doi
- Effects of Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Interventions on Insomnia Symptoms and Self-Reported Sleep Quality in Women With Hot Flashes: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data From Four MsFLASH Trials — Sleep, 2018 doi
- Therapeutic Effects of Phytochemicals and Medicinal Herbs on Depression — BioMed Research International, 2017 doi
- Understanding Adaptogenic Activity: Specificity of the Pharmacological Action of Adaptogens and Other Phytochemicals — Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2017 doi
- Omega-3 Versus Isoflavones in the Control of Vasomotor Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women — Gynecological Endocrinology : The Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2017 doi
- Altered Diurnal Pattern of Steroid Hormones in Relation to Various Behaviors, External Factors and Pathologies: A Review — Physiology & Behavior, 2016 doi
- Ovarian Hormone Fluctuation, Neurosteroids, and HPA Axis Dysregulation in Perimenopausal Depression: A Novel Heuristic Model — The American Journal of Psychiatry, 2015 doi
- Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition — JAMA Intern Med, 2015 doi
- Pooled Analysis of Six Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Vasomotor Symptoms — Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015 doi
- Efficacy of Omega-3 for Vasomotor Symptoms Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2014 doi
- Cortisol Stimulates Secretion of Dehydroepiandrosterone in Human Adrenocortical Cells Through Inhibition of 3betaHSD2 — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2011 doi
- Acute Emotional Stress and Cardiac Arrhythmias — JAMA, 2007 doi
- Suppression of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis in Normal Women by Glucocorticoids — Biology of Reproduction, 1993 doi
Доказательная сила у этих работ разная: где-то крупные обзоры и мета-анализы, где-то отдельные небольшие исследования. Шаги в статье — простые меры заботы о себе с низким риском, а не лечение, и подходят не всем.
Это общие сведения, а не назначение. Обследование и лечение подбирает врач.