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Los músculos del hombre después de los 40: la fuerza que protege todo lo demás

4 minutos de lectura

Las cargas de siempre pesan más, el agarre es más débil y subir escaleras te deja sin aliento. Con la edad, el músculo se va derritiendo sin que se note, y no es solo una cuestión de aspecto. La buena noticia: el músculo responde al entrenamiento a cualquier edad.

Por qué importa

La testosterona sostiene el músculo y el hueso. Pero la terapia con testosterona no protege el hueso de las fracturas: en un gran ensayo no hubo menos fracturas. Lo que protege el hueso y el músculo es la carga y la comida.

Lo que funciona

Fuerza 2–3 veces por semana, con progresión. La base: sentadillas, tirones y empujes. Cuando resulte fácil, un poco más de peso o más repeticiones. La carga tiene que notarse: las últimas repeticiones cuestan.

Un poco de impacto. Subir a un escalón, saltos suaves si las articulaciones lo permiten: es la señal para que el hueso siga fuerte.

Más proteína de la que crees. 1,2–1,6 g por kilo de peso al día, 30–40 g en cada comida. Con la edad, el músculo responde peor a la proteína, así que necesitas más. Por ejemplo: huevos con requesón, una ración de carne o pescado del tamaño de la palma de la mano, lentejas con queso.

Vitamina D y calcio, sobre todo de la comida: pescado, lácteos, verduras de hoja.

Equilibrio. Los ejercicios de equilibrio previenen caídas.

¿Y los suplementos?

Cómo seguirlo sin aparatos

El reloj y el anillo no miden el músculo ni el hueso. La referencia es la fuerza y la función: ¿te pesan más las cargas de siempre?, ¿se debilita tu agarre?, ¿te levantas fácilmente de una silla sin usar las manos?

Cuándo ir al médico

Qué probar esta semana

En qué se basa

Este artículo se basa en temas de la base de conocimiento de VIA-L. Estos son los estudios publicados que hay detrás:

  1. Testosterone and Bone Health in Men — Current Osteoporosis Reports, 2026 doi
  2. Hormonal Modulation With Withania Somnifera: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized-Controlled Trials — Planta Medica, 2026 doi
  3. Key Findings on the Efficacy and Safety of Testosterone Therapy From Two Large Randomized Trials — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2026 doi
  4. Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Adults — JAMA, 2026 doi
  5. The Effect of Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Α Gene Expression, and DNA Damage in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial — Biological Trace Element Research, 2026 doi
  6. Do the Effects of Early Time-Restricted Eating Vary by Cardiometabolic Phenotype, Age, Sex, or Race? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial — The Journal of Nutrition, 2026 doi
  7. Efficacy of Exercise-Based Interventions for Metabolic Syndrome: An Umbrella Review With Meta-Analyses — Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2026 doi
  8. 4 — Diabetes Care, 2026 doi
  9. Safety of 12-Months Administration of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) Standardized Root Extract in Healthy Adults: A Prospective, Observational Study — Phytotherapy Research : PTR, 2025 doi
  10. Evaluation of Potential Hormonal Activities of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) — Phytotherapy Research : PTR, 2025 doi
  11. Dietary Patterns and Testosterone Balance: A Review of Clinical Data and Perspectives — Journal of Advanced Research, 2025 doi
  12. Testosterone Treatment in Middle-Aged and Older Men with Hypogonadism — The New England Journal of Medicine, 2025 doi
Ver todos (92)
  1. Semaglutide improved sperm morphology in obese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and functional hypogonadism — Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 2025 doi
  2. Effects of Testosterone Deficiency and Therapy on the Cardiometabolic Syndrome in Men — The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 2025 doi
  3. The Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Patients — Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS), 2025 doi
  4. Metabolic Effects of Testosterone Added to Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in Older Men With Obesity and Hypogonadism — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2025 doi
  5. Efficacy and Safety of Berberine on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials — Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2025 doi
  6. Male Hypogonadism: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management — Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2024 doi
  7. Dietary Fat Quality and Serum Androgen Concentrations in Middle-Aged Men — European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2024 doi
  8. Do "Testosterone Boosters" Really Increase Serum Total Testosterone? A Systematic Review — International Journal of Impotence Research, 2024 doi
  9. Testosterone Treatment and Fractures in Men with Hypogonadism — The New England Journal of Medicine, 2024 doi
  10. Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Sexual Function and Hypogonadal Symptoms in Men With Hypogonadism — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2024 doi
  11. Depressive Syndromes in Men With Hypogonadism in the TRAVERSE Trial: Response to Testosterone-Replacement Therapy — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2024 doi
  12. Associations of Testosterone and Related Hormones With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Men : Individual Participant Data Meta-Analyses — Annals of Internal Medicine, 2024 doi
  13. Effect of Testosterone on Progression From Prediabetes to Diabetes in Men With Hypogonadism: A Substudy of the TRAVERSE Randomized Clinical Trial — JAMA Internal Medicine, 2024 doi
  14. Chromium Supplementation and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Extensive Systematic Review — Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2024 doi
  15. The Effect of Berberine Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Metabolic Disorders: An Umbrella Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Clinical Therapeutics, 2024 doi
  16. Intermittent Fasting and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials — EClinicalMedicine, 2024 doi
  17. Effectiveness of Stress Management Interventions to Change Cortisol Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2024 doi
  18. Effects on Cardiovascular Risk Factors of a Low- Vs High-Glycemic Index Mediterranean Diet in High Cardiometabolic Risk Individuals: The MEDGI-Carb Study — European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2024 doi
  19. Effects of Various Exercise Types on Visceral Adipose Tissue in Individuals With Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 84 Randomized Controlled Trials — Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2024 doi
  20. Prostate Safety Events During Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: A Randomized Clinical Trial — JAMA Network Open, 2023 doi
  21. Correlation Between Serum Zinc and Testosterone: A Systematic Review — Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS), 2023 doi
  22. Cardiovascular Safety of Testosterone-Replacement Therapy — The New England Journal of Medicine, 2023 doi
  23. The Effects of Sleep Deprivation and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome on Male Reproductive Function: A Multi-Arm Randomised Trial — Journal of Sleep Research, 2023 doi
  24. Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Standardized Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) Root Extract (Witholytin®) in Adults Experiencing High Stress and Fatigue in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial — Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2023 doi
  25. Metabolic Syndrome and Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study — Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 2023 doi
  26. Overall and Sex-Specific Effect of Berberine on Glycemic and Insulin-Related Traits: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — The Journal of Nutrition, 2023 doi
  27. AASLD Practice Guidance on the Clinical Assessment and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease — Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2023 doi
  28. Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men — Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders, 2022 doi
  29. Aging and Androgens: Physiology and Clinical Implications — Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders, 2022 doi
  30. Effects of Exercise Training on Anabolic and Catabolic Hormones with Advanced Age: A Systematic Review — Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2022 doi
  31. Nonpharmacological Interventions for the Management of Testosterone and Sperm Parameters: A Scoping Review — Clinical Therapeutics, 2022 doi
  32. Examining the Effects of Calorie Restriction on Testosterone Concentrations in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Nutrition Reviews, 2022 doi
  33. Proposal for Standardizing Normal Insulin Ranges in Brazilian Patients and a New Classification of Metabolic Syndrome — Frontiers in Medicine, 2022 doi
  34. Effect of Partial and Total Sleep Deprivation on Serum Testosterone in Healthy Males: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Sleep Medicine, 2021 doi
  35. Examining the Effects of Herbs on Testosterone Concentrations in Men: A Systematic Review — Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2021 doi
  36. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical influences on serum testosterone and sex hormone–binding globulin in men from UK Biobank — Clinical Endocrinology, 2021 doi
  37. Testosterone and Exercise: Effects on Fitness, Body Composition, and Strength in Middle-to-Older Aged Men With Low-Normal Serum Testosterone Levels — Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2021 doi
  38. Effects of Mediterranean Diet on Plasma Metabolites and Their Relationship With Insulin Resistance and Gut Microbiota Composition in a Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial — Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2021 doi
  39. Effects of Dietary Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Data From 33 Randomized Controlled Trials — Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2021 doi
  40. Management of Obesity in Cardiovascular Practice: JACC Focus Seminar — Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2021 doi
  41. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association — Circulation, 2021 doi
  42. Optimal Threshold of Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance to Identify Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Population Aged 45 Years or Younger — Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2021 doi
  43. Reviewing the Evidence on Vitamin D Supplementation in the Management of Testosterone Status and Its Effects on Male Reproductive System (Testis and Prostate): Mechanistically Dazzling but Clinically Disappointing — Clinical Therapeutics, 2020 doi
  44. Age and Time-of-Day Differences in the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Testicular, and Adrenal, Response to Total Overnight Sleep Deprivation — Sleep, 2020 doi
  45. The Association Between Popular Diets and Serum Testosterone Among Men in the United States — The Journal of Urology, 2020 doi
  46. A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of Sleep Health Education on Body Composition Changes Following 10 Weeks' Resistance Exercise — The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2020 doi
  47. Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease — The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020 doi
  48. Colon-Delivered Short-Chain Fatty Acids Attenuate the Cortisol Response to Psychosocial Stress in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial — Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2020 doi
  49. Lipid Management in Patients With Endocrine Disorders: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020 doi
  50. Causal Link Between Vitamin D and Total Testosterone in Men: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2019 doi
  51. A Clinical Perspective of Sleep and Andrological Health: Assessment, Treatment Considerations, and Future Research — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2019 doi
  52. Effects of different exercise training programs on body composition: A randomized control trial — Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2019 doi
  53. Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association — Circulation, 2019 doi
  54. Associations Between Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) and Routinely Examined Parameters in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome — Physiological Research, 2019 doi
  55. Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline — The Journal of Urology, 2018 doi
  56. Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2018 doi
  57. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even Without Weight Loss in Men With Prediabetes — Cell Metabolism, 2018 doi
  58. Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in Men With Diabesity — Diabetes Care, 2018 doi
  59. Effect of Testosterone Treatment on Volumetric Bone Density and Strength in Older Men With Low Testosterone: A Controlled Clinical Trial — JAMA Internal Medicine, 2017 doi
  60. A Perspective on Middle-Aged and Older Men With Functional Hypogonadism: Focus on Holistic Management — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2017 doi
  61. Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Insulin Resistance in Humans: A Systematic Review — Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2017 doi
  62. Increased Physical Activity Has a Greater Effect Than Reduced Energy Intake on Lifestyle Modification-Induced Increases in Testosterone — Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2016 doi
  63. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Control — Pharmacological Research, 2016 doi
  64. Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism in People With or at Risk of Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trials — European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2016 doi
  65. Hypomagnesemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Vicious Circle? — Diabetes, 2016 doi
  66. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association — Diabetes Care, 2016 doi
  67. Vitamin D supplementation and testosterone concentrations in male human subjects — Clinical Endocrinology, 2015 doi
  68. Metabolic and hormonal effects of ‘catch‐up’ sleep in men with chronic, repetitive, lifestyle‐driven sleep restriction — Clinical Endocrinology, 2015 doi
  69. Nutrients other than carbohydrates: their effects on glucose homeostasis in humans — Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 2015 doi
  70. Protective Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome — The Journal of Nutrition, 2015 doi
  71. Resistance Training Restores Muscle Sex Steroid Hormone Steroidogenesis in Older Men — FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2014 doi
  72. The Interplay between Magnesium and Testosterone in Modulating Physical Function in Men — International Journal of Endocrinology, 2014 doi
  73. Age-Associated Changes in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Function in Middle-Aged and Older Men Are Modified by Weight Change and Lifestyle Factors: Longitudinal Results From the European Male Ageing Study — European Journal of Endocrinology, 2013 doi
  74. Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Testosterone Levels of Athletes and Sedentary Subjects at Rest and After Exhaustion — Biological Trace Element Research, 2011 doi
  75. The Effect of Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: A Meta-Analysis of 50 Studies and 534,906 Individuals — Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2011 doi
  76. Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association — Circulation, 2011 doi
  77. Testosterone Physiology in Resistance Exercise and Training: The Up-Stream Regulatory Elements — Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2010 doi
  78. Magnesium Effect on Testosterone-SHBG Association Studied by a Novel Molecular Chromatography Approach — Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2009 doi
  79. Multiple Biomarkers and Their Relative Contributions to Identifying Metabolic Syndrome — Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 2009 doi
  80. Insulin Resistance, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Population-Based Study — Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2007 doi

La solidez de esta evidencia varía: hay grandes revisiones y metaanálisis, y también estudios pequeños aislados. Los pasos del artículo son medidas sencillas de autocuidado de bajo riesgo, no un tratamiento, y pueden no servir para todos.

Esto es información general, no una prescripción. Las pruebas y el tratamiento los decide un médico.

La app VIA-L

VIA-L es una app para mujeres desde los 35 y hombres desde los 40: sueño, energía, ánimo y cuerpo en la etapa de cambios hormonales. Con palabras sencillas, a partir de tus datos — y comprobando qué ayudó.

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