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El ciclo después de los 35: más abundante, más espaciado, menos predecible — qué pasa

5 minutos de lectura

La regla viene a las tres semanas y luego desaparece dos meses. Se ha vuelto más abundante y más larga, con coágulos. La compresa no aguanta toda la noche. Entre los 35 y los 50 estos cambios son muy frecuentes: son una de las primeras señales de la transición. Pero «frecuente» no significa «aguantar».

Por qué cambia el ciclo

En la transición cada vez más ciclos ocurren sin ovulación, y hay menos progesterona. El estrógeno, mientras tanto, no baja: oscila, a veces por encima de lo habitual. De ahí la falta de previsibilidad y las reglas más abundantes.

Si llevas un anillo o un reloj: la subida de la temperatura nocturna tras la ovulación la detectan a posteriori. Si en un ciclo no hubo subida, no significa «poca progesterona»: después de los 40 algunos ciclos simplemente ocurren sin ovulación.

Qué se considera abundante

Las reglas abundantes a menudo se ven como «algo mío» y pasan años sin revisarse. Referencias:

Reglas abundantes y hierro

Las reglas abundantes son la causa más frecuente de falta de hierro en las mujeres. Las reservas de hierro bajan antes de que cambie un análisis de sangre habitual, y el cansancio, la falta de aire al subir escaleras, la caída del pelo, las uñas frágiles y el frío aparecen ya entonces. Pistas especiales: ganas de masticar hielo y piernas inquietas por la noche.

Qué hacer:

Y lo más importante: las reglas abundantes tienen solución. El ginecólogo tiene opciones que reducen mucho la pérdida de sangre. El hierro sin tratar la causa es un parche, no una solución.

Registrar es la mitad del trabajo

Anota en VIA-L el primer día de la regla. En unos ciclos se ve cómo cambia la duración del ciclo, y con eso es más fácil ir al médico. Además, el diario ayuda a entender cómo se relaciona el ciclo con el sueño, el ánimo y los sofocos.

Lo que no hace falta

Cuándo ir al médico sin esperar

Qué probar esta semana

En qué se basa

Este artículo se basa en temas de la base de conocimiento de VIA-L. Estos son los estudios publicados que hay detrás:

  1. Cost-Effectiveness of First-Line IV vs Oral Iron for Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding — Blood Advances, 2026 doi
  2. Cognitive Behavioural Therapeutics for Insomnia Symptoms in the Perimenopause Through to the Early Postmenopausal Period — The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2026 doi
  3. Cognitive-Behavioral, Acceptance-Based, and Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Psychological and Sleep-Related Symptoms During Menopause: A Systematic Review — Acta Psychologica, 2026 doi
  4. Integrative Approaches to Perimenopause — The American Journal of Medicine, 2026 doi
  5. Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Insomnia Related to Natural Menopause: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Maturitas, 2026 doi
  6. Nutritional Modulators of Sleep: A Narrative Review of Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids, and Their Neurobiological and Chronoepigenetic Mechanisms — Chronobiology International, 2026 doi
  7. Real-World Safety Profile of Fezolinetant: A Disproportionality Analysis Based on the FAERS Database — Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2026 doi
  8. Effect of Lactobacillus-Based Probiotics on Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review — Maturitas, 2026 doi
  9. Hepatic Adverse Event Signals of Fezolinetant in Real-World Use Based on Postmarketing Surveillance — Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2026 doi
  10. Integrative Medicine Approaches for Menopause — Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2026 doi
  11. Reframing menopause and menopause hormone therapy as opportunities for healthy aging — Science, 2026 doi
  12. Iron Deficiency in Adults: A Review — JAMA, 2025 doi
Ver todos (103)
  1. Psychiatric and Cognitive Outcomes of Iron Supplementation in Non-Anemic Children, Adolescents, and Menstruating Adults: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review — Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2025 doi
  2. Comparison of diagnostic algorithms used in guidelines on nutritional anaemias in adults — PloS One, 2025 doi
  3. Infertility Evaluation and Treatment — The New England Journal of Medicine, 2025 doi
  4. Effect of a Novel Nutraceutical Combination of EstroG-100 and Γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Attenuating Symptoms of Menopause in Healthy Adult Women: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Study — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2025 doi
  5. FDA Approves Nonhormonal Treatment for Menopausal Hot Flashes — JAMA, 2025 doi
  6. Nonhormonal Treatment of Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms — JAMA Internal Medicine, 2025 doi
  7. Elinzanetant for the Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopause: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial — JAMA Internal Medicine, 2025 doi
  8. Self-Administered Hypnosis vs Sham Hypnosis for Hot Flashes — JAMA Network Open, 2025 doi
  9. Safety of Fezolinetant for Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms Due to Menopause: Pooled Analysis of Three Randomized Phase 3 Studies — Advances in Therapy, 2025 doi
  10. Advances in Pharmacotherapy for Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms — Drugs, 2025 doi
  11. Effect of Soy Isoflavones on Measures of Estrogenicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2025 doi
  12. Evidence-Based Guideline: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency — Fertility and Sterility, 2025 doi
  13. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials — Journal of Affective Disorders, 2025 doi
  14. The Role of Lifestyle Medicine in Menopausal Health: A Review of Non-Pharmacologic Interventions — Climacteric : The Journal of the International Menopause Society, 2025 doi
  15. European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for Evaluation and Management of Menopause and the Perimenopause — European Journal of Endocrinology, 2025 doi
  16. Fezolinetant and Elinzanetant Therapy for Menopausal Women Experiencing Vasomotor Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025 doi
  17. Gut Microbiota Has the Potential to Improve Health of Menopausal Women by Regulating Estrogen — Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2025 doi
  18. Natural Strategies to Optimize Estrogen Levels in Aging Women: Mini Review — Frontiers in Aging, 2025 doi
  19. Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Menopausal Symptoms in Perimenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — PeerJ, 2025 doi
  20. The Modern Management of Uterine Fibroids-Related Abnormal Uterine Bleeding — Fertility and Sterility, 2024 doi
  21. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Management of Uterine Fibroids: 2023 Update — Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR, 2024 doi
  22. A clinical study evaluating low dose ferrous fumarate vs — Scientific Reports, 2024 doi
  23. Identification and management of preoperative anaemia in adults: A British Society for Haematology Guideline update — British Journal of Haematology, 2024 doi
  24. An Empowerment Model for Managing Menopause — Lancet (London, England), 2024 doi
  25. "Not feeling like myself" in perimenopause - what does it mean? Observations from the Women Living Better survey — Menopause, 2024 doi
  26. Mapping Global Prevalence of Menopausal Symptoms Among Middle-Aged Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — BMC Public Health, 2024 doi
  27. The Relationship Between Heavy Menstrual Bleeding, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Deficiency Anemia — American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2023 doi
  28. Oral Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists for the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyomas — Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2023 doi
  29. Oral Micronized Progesterone for Perimenopausal Night Sweats and Hot Flushes a Phase III Canada-Wide Randomized Placebo-Controlled 4 month Trial — Scientific Reports, 2023 doi
  30. Effects of Sleep Fragmentation and Estradiol Decline on Cortisol in a Human Experimental Model of Menopause — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2023 doi
  31. Changes in Cortisol Awakening Responses (CAR) in Menopausal Women Through Short-Term Marine Healing Retreat Program With Specific Factors Affecting Each CAR Index — PloS One, 2023 doi
  32. Progesterone and Its Metabolites Play a Beneficial Role in Affect Regulation in the Female Brain — Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2023 doi
  33. Management of Menopausal Symptoms: A Review — JAMA, 2023 doi
  34. Premenstrual Disorders, Timing of Menopause, and Severity of Vasomotor Symptoms — JAMA Network Open, 2023 doi
  35. Effects of transdermal versus oral hormone replacement therapy in postmenopause: a systematic review — Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2023 doi
  36. Fezolinetant: First Approval — Drugs, 2023 doi
  37. EMAS Position Statement: Vitamin D and Menopausal Health — Maturitas, 2023 doi
  38. Resistance Training for Postmenopausal Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2023 doi
  39. A Dietary Intervention for Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause: A Randomized, Controlled Trial — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2023 doi
  40. Black Cohosh Extracts in Women With Menopausal Symptoms: An Updated Pairwise Meta-Analysis — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2023 doi
  41. The 2023 Nonhormone Therapy Position Statement of the North American Menopause Society — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2023 doi
  42. Rethinking Menopausal Hormone Therapy: For Whom, What, When and How long? — Circulation, 2023 doi
  43. Effect of hysterectomy on ovarian function: a systematic review and meta-analysis — J Ovarian Res, 2023 doi
  44. Interventions for heavy menstrual bleeding; overview of Cochrane reviews and network meta‐analysis — Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2022 doi
  45. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Impact on Women's Reproductive Health — Fertility and Sterility, 2022 doi
  46. Uterine bleeding: how understanding endometrial physiology underpins menstrual health — Endocrinology, 2022 doi
  47. Guideline for the laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency in adults (excluding pregnancy) and children — British Journal of Haematology, 2022 doi
  48. Iron deficiency screening is a key issue in chronic inflammatory diseases: A call to action — Journal of Internal Medicine, 2022 doi
  49. Relating Neurosteroid Modulation of Inhibitory Neurotransmission to Behaviour — Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 2022 doi
  50. Role of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Changes in Premenstrual Psychosomatic Behavioral Symptoms with Anti‐Inflammatory, Antioxidant Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements — Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2022 doi
  51. Efficacy of Cognitive Therapy and Behavior Therapy for Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Psychological Medicine, 2022 doi
  52. Effects of Exercise on Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Climacteric : The Journal of the International Menopause Society, 2022 doi
  53. Results of a Pilot Study of a Cooling Mattress Pad to Reduce Vasomotor Symptoms and Improve Sleep — Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2022 doi
  54. Resistance Training Reduced Luteinising Hormone Levels in Postmenopausal Women in a Substudy of a Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial: A Clue to How Resistance Training Reduced Vasomotor Symptoms — PloS One, 2022 doi
  55. A Review of Clinical Guidelines on the Management of Iron Deficiency and Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding — Advances in Therapy, 2021 doi
  56. Diagnosis and Treatment of Luteal Phase Deficiency: A Committee Opinion — Fertility and Sterility, 2021 doi
  57. The Effect of Vitamin MK-7 on Bone Mineral Density and Microarchitecture in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia, a 3-Year Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial — Osteoporosis International : A Journal Established as Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2021 doi
  58. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Menopausal Symptoms — Climacteric : The Journal of the International Menopause Society, 2021 doi
  59. Assessment and Management of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding — JAMA, 2020 doi
  60. The Allopregnanolone to Progesterone Ratio Across the Menstrual Cycle and in Menopause — Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2020 doi
  61. The Effects of Dietary Nutrition on Sleep and Sleep Disorders — Mediators of Inflammation, 2020 doi
  62. The Effect of Oral Capsule of Curcumin and Vitamin E on the Hot Flashes and Anxiety in Postmenopausal Women: A Triple Blind Randomised Controlled Trial — Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2020 doi
  63. Altered Activity of Xenobiotic Detoxifying Enzymes at Menopause - A Cross-Sectional Study — Environmental Research, 2020 doi
  64. Calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin K2, and Magnesium Supplementation and Skeletal Health — Maturitas, 2020 doi
  65. Hormone Therapy for Postmenopausal Women — The New England Journal of Medicine, 2020 doi
  66. Menopause Transition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Implications for Timing of Early Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association — Circulation, 2020 doi
  67. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis-2020 Update — Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2020 doi
  68. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Reproductive-Age Women — JAMA, 2019 doi
  69. Screening and Management of Bleeding Disorders in Adolescents With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: ACOG COMMITTEE OPINION, Number 785 — Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019 doi
  70. Allopregnanolone and Reproductive Psychiatry: An Overview — International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 2019 doi
  71. Soy Intake and Vasomotor Menopausal Symptoms Among Midlife Women: A Pooled Analysis of Five Studies From the InterLACE Consortium — European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2019 doi
  72. Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma — The New England Journal of Medicine, 2019 doi
  73. Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding — Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018 doi
  74. Effect of Omega-3 Supplements on Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 2018 doi
  75. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or Psychoeducation for the Reduction of Menopausal Symptoms: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial — Scientific Reports, 2018 doi
  76. Why Are Women So Vulnerable to Anxiety, Trauma-Related and Stress-Related Disorders? The Potential Role of Sex Hormones — Psychiatry, 2017 doi
  77. Effects of low‐to‐moderate alcohol supplementation on urinary estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women in a controlled feeding study — Cancer Medicine, 2017 doi
  78. Surgery versus medical therapy for heavy menstrual bleeding — Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016 doi
  79. Non‐anaemic iron deficiency – a disease looking for recognition of diagnosis: a systematic review — European Journal of Haematology, 2016 doi
  80. Use of Plant-Based Therapies and Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis — JAMA, 2016 doi
  81. Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition — JAMA Intern Med, 2015 doi
  82. Luteal Phase Deficiency in Regularly Menstruating Women: Prevalence and Overlap in Identification Based on Clinical and Biochemical Diagnostic Criteria — The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2014 doi
  83. Exercise for vasomotor menopausal symptoms — Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014 doi
  84. Fruit, Mediterranean-Style, and High-Fat and -Sugar Diets Are Associated With the Risk of Night Sweats and Hot Flushes in Midlife: Results From a Prospective Cohort Study — The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013 doi
  85. Practice Bulletin No — Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2012 doi
  86. Protective role of melatonin in progesterone production by human luteal cells — Journal of Pineal Research, 2011 doi
  87. Perceived Control, Lifestyle, Health, Socio-Demographic Factors and Menopause: Impact on Hot Flashes and Night Sweats — Maturitas, 2011 doi
  88. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Menopausal Hot Flashes — Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 2005 doi
  89. Is This Woman Perimenopausal? — JAMA, 2003 doi
  90. Diagnostic Role of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Measurements During the Menopausal Transition--an Analysis of FSH, Oestradiol and Inhibin — European Journal of Endocrinology, 1994 doi
  91. The Association Between Moderate Alcoholic Beverage Consumption and Serum Estradiol and Testosterone Levels in Normal Postmenopausal Women: Relationship to the Literature — Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 1992 doi

La solidez de esta evidencia varía: hay grandes revisiones y metaanálisis, y también estudios pequeños aislados. Los pasos del artículo son medidas sencillas de autocuidado de bajo riesgo, no un tratamiento, y pueden no servir para todos.

Esto es información general, no una prescripción. Las pruebas y el tratamiento los decide un médico.

La app VIA-L

VIA-L es una app para mujeres desde los 35 y hombres desde los 40: sueño, energía, ánimo y cuerpo en la etapa de cambios hormonales. Con palabras sencillas, a partir de tus datos — y comprobando qué ayudó.

Todos los artículos de la biblioteca están también en la app.

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